: overview of applications and key issues Dumbrava, Costica creator Parlamento Europeo Dirección General de Servicios de Estudios Parlamentarios text technical report Brussels European Union July 2021 2021 monographic eng pdf 41 p. ; 1 documento PDF This paper provides an overview of EU initiatives on developing and deploying artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to improve border control and border security. First, it outlines the historical development of identification technologies (passport, fingerprints, photography, polygraphy, face recognition) in the social and political context. Second, it outlines the EU policy on smart borders, examining the EU’s centralised information systems and major information exchange mechanisms for borders and security. Third, it surveys major EU initiatives on AI for borders by looking into four categories of AI applications: 1) biometric identification (automated fingerprint and face recognition); 2) emotion detection; 3) algorithmic risk assessment; and 4) AI tools for migration monitoring, analysis and forecasting. Fourth, it discusses key issues raised by the development and use of such AI applications, namely reliability issues (accuracy of technologies and data quality), and fundamental rights issues (bias and discrimination, data protection and security, unlawful profiling, and transparency in EU funding on AI research). The paper concludes with reflections on the broader understanding of technologies, cautioning against the pitfalls of technological determinism and the myth of technological neutrality. adult / author, Costica Dumbrava, EPRS European Parliamentary Research Service Inteligencia Artificial AI seguridad control de fronteras biometría controles policiales Unión Europea UE 978-92-846-8363-5 https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a4c1940f-ef4a-11eb-a71c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a4c1940f-ef4a-11eb-a71c-01aa75ed71a1/language-en ES-MaONT 210803 20210803073907.0 00006658